In the context it was (probably) used in, i e when referring to a back-handed slap of the sort that would be used on someone inferior to the person doing the slapping, "turning the other cheek" was actually asking the oppressor to repeat the offensive strike, but in a way that treated you as an equal. It was a form of passive resistance and standing up to bullies. The context of the passages around it* support this view.
(*It comes with the passage about walking an extra mile when made to carry a soldiers load - it was illegal for the roman soldier to make you carry the load more than 1 mile, so doing this was putting him in a very tricky position! - and with the one about giving your shirt as well when asked for your cloak - a similar problem arises if the offer is taken up. It is putting the oppressor under an obligation to you.)
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